LVM HOWTO

y · 异常表

<alewis(at)rackable.com>
/boot    /dev/hda1     10 Megabytes
swap     /dev/hda2    256 Megabytes
/        /dev/hda3      2 Gigabytes
/home    /dev/hda4      6 Gigabytes
        
/boot     /dev/hda1        10 Megabytes
swap      /dev/vg00/swap   256 Megabytes
/         /dev/vg00/root     2 Gigabytes
/home     /dev/vg00/home     6 Gigabytes

         
+-- Volume Group --------------------------------+
|                                                |
|    +----------------------------------------+	 |
| PV | PE |  PE | PE | PE | PE | PE | PE | PE |	 |
|    +----------------------------------------+	 |
|      .       	  .    	     . 	      .	       	 |
|      .          .    	     .        .	         |
|    +----------------------------------------+	 |
| LV | LE |  LE | LE | LE | LE | LE | LE | LE |	 |
|    +----------------------------------------+	 |
|            .          .        .     	   .     |
|            . 	        .        .     	   .     |
|    +----------------------------------------+	 |
| PV | PE |  PE | PE | PE | PE | PE | PE | PE |	 |
|    +----------------------------------------+	 |
|                                                |
+------------------------------------------------+

         
    hda1   hdc1      (PV:s on partitions or whole disks)                        
       \   /                                                                    
        \ /                                                                     
       diskvg        (VG)                                                       
       /  |  \                                                                  
      /   |   \                                                                 
  usrlv rootlv varlv (LV:s)
    |      |     |                                                              
 ext2  reiserfs  xfs (filesystems)                                        

         
/home
1st chunk of LE[1] -> PV1[1],

2nd chunk of LE[1] -> PV2[1],

3rd chunk of LE[1] -> PV3[1],

4th chunk of LE[1] -> PV1[2],
            
/dev/mapper/control
/dev/mapper/control
/dev/mapper/control
# cat /proc/misc | grep device-mapper | awk '{print $1}'
# mkdir /dev/mapper
/dev/mapper
# mknod /dev/mapper/control c 10 $number
scripts/lvm2_createinitrd/
              Free  PE / Size          478 / 1.87 GB
                                       ^^^
              
# lvcreate vg -l478 
# vgs -o +vg_free_count,vg_extent_count
              
$HOME/.cvsrc
diff -u -b -B
checkout -P
update -d -P

         
cvs -z5
 # cvs -d :pserver:cvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/dm login cvs

            
$HOME/.cvspass
 # cvs -d :pserver:cvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/dm checkout device-mapper    

          
device-mapper
 # cvs -d :pserver:cvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/lvm2 login cvs

            
$HOME/.cvspass
 # cvs -d :pserver:cvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/lvm2 checkout LVM2    

          
LVM2
 # cvs -d :pserver:cvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/lvm login cvs

            
$HOME/.cvspass
 # cvs -d :pserver:cvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/lvm checkout LVM  

          
LVM
 # cvs update 
         
.orig
 # cvs update
 # cvs diff > patchfile
         
 # cvs update 

 RCS file: LVM/tools/pvcreate.c,v
 retrieving revision 1.5
 retrieving revision 1.6
 Merging differences between 1.5 and 1.6 into pvcreate.c
 rcsmerge: warning: conflicts during merge
 cvs server: conflicts found in tools/pvcreate.c
 C tools/pvcreate.c

         
.#pvcreate.c.1.5
 <<<<<<< pvcreate.c
    j++;
 =======
    j--;
 >>>>>>> 1.6

         
 # tar zxf lvm_1.0.8.tar.gz 
                  
 # cd LVM/1.0.8 
                  
 # ./configure 
                  
--with-kernel_dir
/usr/src/linux
 # cd PATCHES 
                  
# make 
                  
lvm-1.0.8-$KERNELVERSION.patch
 # cd /usr/src/linux ; patch -pX < /directory/lvm-1.0.8-$KERNELVERSION.patch 
                  
lvm-mod.o
linux-2.4.x-VFS-lock
LVM/1.0.8/PATCHES
 # modprobe lvm-mod 
         
/proc/lvm
/proc/lvm
/proc/lvm/global
 # vgscan
# vgchange -ay 
      
 # vgchange -an
      
/etc/rc.d/rc.boot
/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt
 vgchange -an 
            
/etc/init.d/lvm
#!/bin/sh

case "$1" in
  start)
	/sbin/vgscan
	/sbin/vgchange -ay
        ;;
  stop)
	/sbin/vgchange -an
        ;;
  restart|force-reload)
	;;
esac

exit 0
            

 # chmod 0755 /etc/init.d/lvm
 # update-rc.d lvm start 26 S . stop 82 1 .

            
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
# LVM initialization, take 2 (it could be on top of RAID)
if [ -e /proc/lvm -a -x /sbin/vgchange -a -f /etc/lvmtab ]; then
        action $"Setting up Logical Volume Management:" /sbin/vgscan &&
        /sbin/vgchange -a y
        fi
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt
vgchange -an
            
/etc/rc.d/rc.S
cd /etc/rc.d
cp -a rc.S rc.S.old
patch -p0 < rc.S.diff
            
----- snip snip file: rc.S.diff---------------

--- rc.S.or	Tue Jul 17 18:11:20 2001
+++ rc.S	Tue Jul 17 17:57:36 2001
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Mostly written by:  Patrick J. Volkerding, <volkerdi@slackware.com>
 #
+# Added LVM support <tgs@iafrica.com>

 PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

@@ -28,19 +29,21 @@
   READWRITE=yes
 fi

+
 # Check the integrity of all filesystems
 if [ ! READWRITE = yes ]; then
-  /sbin/fsck -A -a
+  /sbin/fsck -a /
+  # Check only the root fs first, but no others
   # If there was a failure, drop into single-user mode.
   if [ ? -gt 1 ] ; then
     echo
     echo
-    echo "*******************************************************"
-    echo "*** An error occurred during the file system check. ***"
-    echo "*** You will now be given a chance to log into the  ***"
-    echo "*** system in single-user mode to fix the problem.  ***"
-    echo "*** Running 'e2fsck -v -y <partition>' might help.  ***"
-    echo "*******************************************************"
+    echo "************************************************************"
+    echo "*** An error occurred during the root file system check. ***"
+    echo "*** You will now be given a chance to log into the       ***"
+    echo "*** system in single-user mode to fix the problem.       ***"
+    echo "*** Running 'e2fsck -v -y <partition>' might help.       ***"
+    echo "************************************************************"
     echo
     echo "Once you exit the single-user shell, the system will reboot."
     echo
@@ -82,6 +85,44 @@
     echo -n "get into your machine and start looking for the problem. "
     read junk;
   fi
+  # okay / fs is clean, and mounted as rw
+  # This was an addition, limits vgscan to /proc thus
+  # speeding up the scan immensely.
+  /sbin/mount /proc
+
+  # Initialize Logical Volume Manager
+  /sbin/vgscan
+  /sbin/vgchange -ay
+
+  /sbin/fsck -A -a -R
+  #Check all the other filesystem, including the LVM's, excluding /
+
+  # If there was a failure, drop into single-user mode.
+  if [ ? -gt 1 ] ; then
+    echo
+    echo
+    echo "*******************************************************"
+    echo "*** An error occurred during the file system check. ***"
+    echo "*** You will now be given a chance to log into the  ***"
+    echo "*** system in single-user mode to fix the problem.  ***"
+    echo "*** Running 'e2fsck -v -y <partition>' might help.  ***"
+    echo "*** The root filesystem is ok and mounted readwrite ***"
+    echo "*******************************************************"
+    echo
+    echo "Once you exit the single-user shell, the system will reboot."
+    echo
+
+    PS1="(Repair filesystem) #"; export PS1
+    sulogin
+
+    echo "Unmounting file systems."
+    umount -a -r
+    mount -n -o remount,ro /
+    echo "Rebooting system."
+    sleep 2
+    reboot
+  fi
+
 else
   echo "Testing filesystem status: read-write filesystem"
   if cat /etc/fstab | grep ' / ' | grep umsdos 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null ;
then
@@ -111,14 +152,16 @@
     echo -n "Press ENTER to continue. "
     read junk;
   fi
+
 fi

+
 # remove /etc/mtab* so that mount will create it with a root entry
 /bin/rm -f /etc/mtab* /etc/nologin /etc/shutdownpid

 # mount file systems in fstab (and create an entry for /)
 # but not NFS or SMB because TCP/IP is not yet configured
-/sbin/mount -a -v -t nonfs,nosmbfs
+/sbin/mount -a -v -t nonfs,nosmbfs,proc

 # Clean up temporary files on the /var volume:
 /bin/rm -f /var/run/utmp /var/run/*.pid /var/log/setup/tmp/*
--snip snip snip end of file---------------

         
      dmsetup mknodes
      vgscan --ignorelockingfailure
      vgchange -ay --ignorelockingfailure
      
/etc/modules.conf
/etc/conf.modules
     alias block-major-58      lvm-mod
     alias char-major-109      lvm-mod
                  
/boot
 # df

Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/rootvg/root        253871     93384    147380  39% /
/dev/hda1                17534     12944      3685  78% /boot
/dev/rootvg/home       4128448      4568   3914168   0% /home
/dev/rootvg/usr        1032088    332716    646944  34% /usr
/dev/rootvg/var         253871     31760    209004  13% /var

            
/boot
/etc/lilo.conf
 # ls /boot

System.map                 lost+found              vmlinux-2.2.16lvm
map                        module-info	           boot.0300  
boot.b                     os2_d.b                 chain.b
initrd.gz                  

 # tail /etc/lilo.conf

image=/boot/vmlinux-2.2.16lvm
        label=lvm08
        read-only
        root=/dev/rootvg/root
        initrd=/boot/initrd.gz
        append="ramdisk_size=8192"

            
# mv /boot/initrd.gz /boot/initrd08.gz
                     
/etc/lilo.conf
image=/boot/vmlinux-2.2.16lvm
        label=lvm08
        read-only
        root=/dev/rootvg/root
        initrd=/boot/initrd08.gz
        append="ramdisk_size=8192"
                     
# lvmcreate_initrd 2.4.9
                     
image=/boot/vmlinux-2.4.9lvm
        label=lvm10
        read-only
        root=/dev/rootvg/root
        initrd=/boot/initrd.gz
        append="ramdisk_size=8192"
                     
# /sbin/lilo
                     
# make install
                     
# pvcreate /dev/hdb
                     
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/diskname bs=1k count=1
# blockdev --rereadpt /dev/diskname

# pvcreate /dev/hdb1
              
# vgcreate my_volume_group /dev/hda1 /dev/hdb1 
        
/dev
# vgcreate my_volume_group /dev/ide/host0/bus0/target0/lun0/part1 \
                           /dev/ide/host0/bus0/target1/lun0/part1
        
# vgchange -a y my_volume_group
        
# vgchange -a n my_volume_group
        
# vgremove my_volume_group
        
# vgextend my_volume_group /dev/hdc1
                                    ^^^^^^^^^ new physical volume
        
# pvdisplay /dev/hda1

--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/hda1
VG Name               myvg
PV Size               1.95 GB / NOT usable 4 MB [LVM: 122 KB]
PV#                   1
PV Status             available
Allocatable           yes (but full)
Cur LV                1
PE Size (KByte)       4096
Total PE              499
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          499
PV UUID               Sd44tK-9IRw-SrMC-MOkn-76iP-iftz-OVSen7

        
# vgreduce my_volume_group /dev/hda1
        
# lvcreate -L1500 -ntestlv testvg
        
# lvcreate -i2 -I4 -l100 -nanothertestlv testvg
        
# vgdisplay testvg | grep "Total PE"
Total PE              10230
# lvcreate -l 10230 testvg -n mylv
        
# lvcreate -L 1500 -ntestlv testvg /dev/sdg
        
# umount /dev/myvg/homevol
# lvremove /dev/myvg/homevol
lvremove -- do you really want to remove "/dev/myvg/homevol"? [y/n]: y
lvremove -- doing automatic backup of volume group "myvg"
lvremove -- logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" successfully removed
        
# lvextend -L12G /dev/myvg/homevol
lvextend -- extending logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" to 12 GB
lvextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "myvg"
lvextend -- logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" successfully extended
        
/dev/myvg/homevol
# lvextend -L+1G /dev/myvg/homevol
lvextend -- extending logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" to 13 GB
lvextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "myvg"
lvextend -- logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" successfully extended
        
/dev/myvg/homevol
   # umount /dev/myvg/homevol/dev/myvg/homevol
   # resize2fs /dev/myvg/homevol
   # mount /dev/myvg/homevol /home
            
   # umount /dev/myvg/homevol/dev/myvg/homevol
   # ext2resize /dev/myvg/homevol
   # mount /dev/myvg/homevol /home
            
   # e2fsadm -L+1G /dev/myvg/homevol
            
   # lvextend -L+1G /dev/myvg/homevol
   # resize2fs /dev/myvg/homevol
            
   # resize_reiserfs -f /dev/myvg/homevol
                  
   # umount /dev/myvg/homevol
   # resize_reiserfs /dev/myvg/homevol
   # mount -treiserfs /dev/myvg/homevol /home
                  
   # xfs_growfs /home
            
# mount -o remount,resize /home
            
# mount -o remount,resize=1048576 /home
              
# umount /home
# e2fsadm -L-1G /dev/myvg/homevol
# mount /home
            
# umount /home
# resize2fs /dev/myvg/homevol 524288
# lvreduce -L-1G /dev/myvg/homevol
# mount /home
            
# umount /home
# resize_reiserfs -s-1G /dev/myvg/homevol
# lvreduce -L-1G /dev/myvg/homevol
# mount -treiserfs /dev/myvg/homevol /home
            
# pvcreate /dev/sda1
# pvcreate /dev/sdf
# pvcreate /dev/hda8
# pvcreate /dev/hda6
# pvcreate /dev/md1
        
# pvcreate /dev/sda
# pvcreate /dev/sdb
# pvcreate /dev/sdc
          
# vgcreate my_volume_group /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc/
              
# vgdisplay
# vgdisplay
--- Volume Group ---
VG Name	              my_volume_group
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             available/resizable
VG #                  1
MAX LV                256
Cur LV                0
Open LV               0
MAX LV Size           255.99 GB
Max PV                256
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               1.45 GB
PE Size               4 MB
Total PE              372
Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
Free  PE / Size       372/ 1.45 GB
VG UUID               nP2PY5-5TOS-hLx0-FDu0-2a6N-f37x-0BME0Y
              
# lvcreate -L1G -nmy_logical_volume my_volume_group
lvcreate -- doing automatic backup of "my_volume_group"
lvcreate -- logical volume "/dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume" successfully created
          
# mke2fs /dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume
mke2fs 1.19, 13-Jul-2000 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
131072 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
9 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
               
# mount /dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume /mnt
# df
Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda1              1311552    628824    616104  51% /
/dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume
                       1040132        20    987276   0% /mnt
          
/mnt
# pvcreate /dev/sda
# pvcreate /dev/sdb
# pvcreate /dev/sdc
          
# vgcreate my_volume_group /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
              
# vgdisplay
--- Volume Group ---
VG Name	              my_volume_group
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             available/resizable
VG #                  1
MAX LV                256
Cur LV                0
Open LV               0
MAX LV Size           255.99 GB
Max PV                256
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               1.45 GB
PE Size               4 MB
Total PE              372
Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
Free  PE / Size       372/ 1.45 GB
VG UUID               nP2PY5-5TOS-hLx0-FDu0-2a6N-f37x-0BME0Y
              
# lvcreate -i3 -I4 -L1G -nmy_logical_volume my_volume_group
lvcreate -- rounding 1048576 KB to stripe boundary size 1056768 KB / 258 PE
lvcreate -- doing automatic backup of "my_volume_group"
lvcreate -- logical volume "/dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume" successfully created
          
# mke2fs /dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume
mke2fs 1.19, 13-Jul-2000 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
132192 inodes, 264192 blocks
13209 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
9 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
14688 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
          
# mount /dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume /mnt
               
# df
Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda1              1311552    628824    616104  51% /
/dev/my_volume_group/my_logical_volume
                       1040132        20    987276   0% /mnt
          
/mnt
# pvscan
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sda"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdb"  of VG "sales" [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdc"  of VG "ops"   [1.95 GB / 44 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdd"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sde1" of VG "ops"   [996 MB / 52 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sde2" of VG "sales" [996 MB / 944 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdf1" of VG "ops"   [996 MB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdf2" of VG "dev"   [996 MB / 72 MB free]
pvscan -- total: 8 [11.72 GB] / in use: 8 [11.72 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0]

# df
Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/dev/cvs           1342492    516468    757828  41% /mnt/dev/cvs
/dev/dev/users         2064208   2060036      4172 100% /mnt/dev/users
/dev/dev/build         1548144   1023041    525103  66% /mnt/dev/build
/dev/ops/databases     2890692   2302417    588275  79% /mnt/ops/databases
/dev/sales/users       2064208    871214   1192994  42% /mnt/sales/users
/dev/ops/batch         1032088    897122    134966  86% /mnt/ops/batch
          
/dev/sdg
# fdisk /dev/sdg

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun or SGI
disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory
only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the
previous content won't be recoverable.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1000, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1000, default 1000): 500

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (501-1000, default 501): 
Using default value 501
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1000, default 1000): 
Using default value 1000

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Unknown)

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Unknown)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x partitions,
please see the fdisk manual page for additional information.

          
# pvcreate /dev/sdg1
pvcreate -- physical volume "/dev/sdg1" successfully created

# pvcreate /dev/sdg2
pvcreate -- physical volume "/dev/sdg2" successfully created
          
# vgextend ops /dev/sdg1
vgextend -- INFO: maximum logical volume size is 255.99 Gigabyte
vgextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "ops"
vgextend -- volume group "ops" successfully extended

# vgextend dev /dev/sdg2
vgextend -- INFO: maximum logical volume size is 255.99 Gigabyte
vgextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
vgextend -- volume group "dev" successfully extended

# pvscan
pvscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while...)
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sda"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdb"  of VG "sales" [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdc"  of VG "ops"   [1.95 GB / 44 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdd"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sde1" of VG "ops"   [996 MB / 52 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sde2" of VG "sales" [996 MB / 944 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdf1" of VG "ops"   [996 MB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdf2" of VG "dev"   [996 MB / 72 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdg1" of VG "ops"   [996 MB / 996 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdg2" of VG "dev"   [996 MB / 996 MB free]
pvscan -- total: 10 [13.67 GB] / in use: 10 [13.67 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0]
          
# umount /mnt/ops/batch
# umount /mnt/dev/users
          
# export E2FSADM_RESIZE_CMD=ext2resize
# e2fsadm /dev/ops/batch -L+500M
e2fsck 1.18, 11-Nov-1999 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/ops/batch: 11/131072 files (0.0<!--  non-contiguous), 4127/262144 blocks
lvextend -- extending logical volume "/dev/ops/batch" to 1.49 GB
lvextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "ops"
lvextend -- logical volume "/dev/ops/batch" successfully extended

ext2resize v1.1.15 - 2000/08/08 for EXT2FS 0.5b
e2fsadm -- ext2fs in logical volume "/dev/ops/batch" successfully extended to 1.49 GB


# e2fsadm /dev/dev/users -L+900M
e2fsck 1.18, 11-Nov-1999 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/dev/users: 12/262144 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 275245/524288 blocks
lvextend -- extending logical volume "/dev/dev/users" to 2.88 GB
lvextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
lvextend -- logical volume "/dev/dev/users" successfully extended

ext2resize v1.1.15 - 2000/08/08 for EXT2FS 0.5b
e2fsadm -- ext2fs in logical volume "/dev/dev/users" successfully extended to 2.88 GB
          
# mount /dev/ops/batch
# mount /dev/dev/users
# df
Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/dev/cvs           1342492    516468    757828  41% /mnt/dev/cvs
/dev/dev/users         2969360   2060036    909324  69% /mnt/dev/users
/dev/dev/build         1548144   1023041    525103  66% /mnt/dev/build
/dev/ops/databases     2890692   2302417    588275  79% /mnt/ops/databases
/dev/sales/users       2064208    871214   1192994  42% /mnt/sales/users
/dev/ops/batch         1535856    897122    638734  58% /mnt/ops/batch
          
# lvcreate -L592M -s -n dbbackup /dev/ops/databases 
lvcreate -- WARNING: the snapshot must be disabled if it gets full
lvcreate -- INFO: using default snapshot chunk size of 64 KB for "/dev/ops/dbbackup"
lvcreate -- doing automatic backup of "ops"
lvcreate -- logical volume "/dev/ops/dbbackup" successfully created

          
# mkdir /mnt/ops/dbbackup
# mount /dev/ops/dbbackup /mnt/ops/dbbackup
mount: block device /dev/ops/dbbackup is write-protected, mounting read-only
          
nouuid
# mount /dev/ops/dbbackup /mnt/ops/dbbackup -onouuid,ro
          
# tar -cf /dev/rmt0 /mnt/ops/dbbackup
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
          
# umount /mnt/ops/dbbackup
# lvremove /dev/ops/dbbackup 
lvremove -- do you really want to remove "/dev/ops/dbbackup"? [y/n]: y
lvremove -- doing automatic backup of volume group "ops"
              lvremove -- logical volume "/dev/ops/dbbackup" successfully removed
          
# pvmove /dev/hdb
pvmove -- moving physical extents in active volume group "dev"
pvmove -- WARNING: moving of active logical volumes may cause data loss!
pvmove -- do you want to continue? [y/n] y
pvmove -- 249 extents of physical volume "/dev/hdb" successfully moved
          
-v
# vgreduce dev /dev/hdb
vgreduce -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
vgreduce -- volume group "dev" successfully reduced by physical volume:
vgreduce -- /dev/hdb
            
# pvcreate /dev/sdf
pvcreate -- physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully created
            
# vgextend dev /dev/sdf
vgextend -- INFO: maximum logical volume size is 255.99 Gigabyte
vgextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
vgextend -- volume group "dev" successfully extended
            
# pvmove /dev/hdb /dev/sdf
pvmove -- moving physical extents in active volume group "dev"
pvmove -- WARNING: moving of active logical volumes may cause data loss!
pvmove -- do you want to continue? [y/n] y
pvmove -- 249 extents of physical volume "/dev/hdb" successfully moved
            
# vgreduce dev /dev/hdb
vgreduce -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
vgreduce -- volume group "dev" successfully reduced by physical volume:
vgreduce -- /dev/hdb
            
# unmount /mnt/design/users
          
# vgchange -an design
vgchange -- volume group "design" successfully deactivated
          
# vgexport design
vgexport -- volume group "design" successfully exported
          
# pvscan
pvscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while...)
pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb1"  is in EXPORTED VG "design" [996 MB / 996 MB free]
pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb2"  is in EXPORTED VG "design" [996 MB / 244 MB free]
pvscan -- total: 2 [1.95 GB] / in use: 2 [1.95 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0]
          
# vgimport design
  Volume group "vg" successfully imported
          
# vgimport design /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
vgimport -- doing automatic backup of volume group "design"
vgimport -- volume group "design" successfully imported and activated
          
# vgchange -ay design
          
# mkdir -p /mnt/design/users
# mount /dev/design/users /mnt/design/users
          
# pvscan 
pvscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while...)
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sda"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdb"  of VG "sales" [1.95 GB / 1.27 GB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdc"  of VG "ops"   [1.95 GB / 564 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdd"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 0 free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sde"  of VG "ops"   [1.95 GB / 1.9 GB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdf"  of VG "dev"   [1.95 GB / 1.33 GB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdg1" of VG "ops"   [996 MB / 432 MB free]
pvscan -- ACTIVE   PV "/dev/sdg2" of VG "dev"   [996 MB / 632 MB free]
pvscan -- total: 8 [13.67 GB] / in use: 8 [13.67 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0]
          
# pvmove /dev/sdg1 /dev/sde
pvmove -- moving physical extents in active volume group "ops"
pvmove -- WARNING: moving of active logical volumes may cause data loss!
pvmove -- do you want to continue? [y/n] y
pvmove -- doing automatic backup of volume group "ops"
pvmove -- 141 extents of physical volume "/dev/sdg1" successfully moved

# pvmove /dev/sdg2 /dev/sdf
pvmove -- moving physical extents in active volume group "dev"
pvmove -- WARNING: moving of active logical volumes may cause data loss!
pvmove -- do you want to continue? [y/n] y
pvmove -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
pvmove -- 91 extents of physical volume "/dev/sdg2" successfully moved
          
# vgsplit dev design /dev/sdg2
vgsplit -- doing automatic backup of volume group "dev"
vgsplit -- doing automatic backup of volume group "design"
vgsplit -- volume group "dev" successfully split into "dev" and "design"
          
# vgreduce ops /dev/sdg1
vgreduce -- doing automatic backup of volume group "ops"
vgreduce -- volume group "ops" successfully reduced by physical volume:
vgreduce -- /dev/sdg1

# vgextend design /dev/sdg1
vgextend -- INFO: maximum logical volume size is 255.99 Gigabyte
vgextend -- doing automatic backup of volume group "design"
vgextend -- volume group "design" successfully extended
          
# lvcreate -L750M -n users design
lvcreate -- rounding up size to physical extent boundary "752 MB"
lvcreate -- doing automatic backup of "design"
lvcreate -- logical volume "/dev/design/users" successfully created
          
# mke2fs /dev/design/users
mke2fs 1.18, 11-Nov-1999 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
96384 inodes, 192512 blocks
9625 blocks (5.00<!-- ) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
6 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16064 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840

Writing inode tables: done                            
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
        
# mkdir -p /mnt/design/users mount /dev/design/users /mnt/design/users/
        
/dev/design/user
/mnt/design/users   ext2    defaults        1 2
          
/dev/hda1  /boot 
/dev/hda2  swap
/dev/hda3  /
        
# parted /dev/hda
(parted) p
.
.
.
          
(parted) resize 3 145 999
          
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 1000 1999
          
(parted) q
          
# fdisk /dev/hda
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Unknown)
Command (m for help): w
          
# vgscan
              
# pvcreate /dev/hda4
              
# vgcreate vg /dev/hda4
              
# lvcreate -L250M -n root vg
              
# mke2fs /dev/vg/root
# mount /dev/vg/root /mnt/
# find / -xdev | cpio -pvmd /mnt
          
  /dev/hda3       /    ext2       defaults 1 1
          
  /dev/vg/root    /    ext2       defaults 1 1
          
# lvmcreate_initrd
        
  image   = /boot/KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME
  label   = lvm
  root    = /dev/vg/root
  initrd  = /boot/INITRD_IMAGE_NAME
  ramdisk = 8192
          
lvmcreate_initrd -- making loopback file (6189 kB)
          
# cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/etc/
          
# lilo
        
default=lvm
          
# fdisk /dev/hda

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Unknown)
Command (m for help): w
          
# pvcreate /dev/hda3
# vgextend vg /dev/hda3
          
/etc/lvm/archive/VolumeGroupName_XXXXX.vg
vgscan -- 没有找到卷组
uuid_fixer-0.3-IOP10.tar.gz
# tar zxf uuid_fixer-0.3-IOP10.tar.gz
            
# cd uuid_fixer
            
# ./uuid_fixer <LIST OF ALL PVS IN VG TO BE RESTORED>
                
# make
                
# ./uuid_fixer <LIST OF ALL PVS IN VG TO BE RESTORED>
                
# vgchange -an
            
# vgscan
            
# vgchange -ay
            
vgscan
vgchange -ay
        
Admin node                   Other nodes
----------                   -----------
                             Close all Logical volumes (umount)
                             vgchange -an
<make changes, eg lvextend>
                             vgscan
                             vgchange -ay
        
/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
log {
        file="/tmp/lvm2.log"
        level=7
        activation=1
}
              

修订历史
修订版本 0.19	2006-11-27	修订者：ajl
在第 3.8 节和第 13.4.1 节中澄清了完整快照的条件，并添加了关于调整快照源大小的注释；修复了 Rackable 版权；修复了电子邮件地址
修订版本 0.18	2006-11-27	修订者：ajl
在第 11.1 节中澄清了整个磁盘的使用；更新了版权；更新了电子邮件地址
修订版本 0.17	2005-10-03	修订者：ajl
为 LVM2 中 LV 的最大大小添加了 FAQ 条目；清理了“恢复物理卷元数据”部分；更新了电子邮件地址
修订版本 0.16	2005-07-15	修订者：ajl
添加了 lvm2 启动时脚本信息；添加了“恢复物理卷元数据”部分 - 感谢 Maximilian Attems 提供的补丁
修订版本 0.15	2005-06-09	修订者：ajl
删除了对 xfs_freeze 的引用 - 现在不再需要它；更新了 LVM 剖析部分中的快照子部分；向 LVM2 FAQ 添加了几个条目；修复了一些拼写错误
修订版本 0.14	2004-10-06	修订者：ajl
在源代码树中添加了对 lvm2_createinitrd 的引用；稍微调整了 lvcreate 示例；在“将卷组移动到另一个系统”配方中添加了“vgchange -ay”
修订版本 0.13	2004-08-16	修订者：ajl
澄清了符号链接农场的描述；修复了 dm 控制设备主设备号；从小型的 lvm 设置示例中删除 /boot 中的 vg；添加了关于 /boot 和 / 在 LVM 上的注释；删除了过时的链接；
修订版本 0.12	2004-06-07	修订者：ajl
更新了 LVM2 FAQ 条目
修订版本 0.11	2004-05-03	修订者：ajl
更新了 LVM2 FAQ 条目
修订版本 0.10	2004-04-22	修订者：ajl
在收到报告说它不起作用后，从 find 命令中删除了 -print0
修订版本 0.9	2004-04-16	修订者：ajl
将 -print0 添加到 find 命令，然后再将其管道到 cpio；更改了 LVM 2 的 vgimport 命令行；将 ext3 添加到 ext2 调整大小部分；更新了 FAQ；更新了链接部分
修订版本 0.8	2004-02-25	修订者：ajl
更新了 CVS 位置和 FTP 链接；添加了关于扩展 JFS 文件系统的部分；修复了拼写错误 - 对文档运行了 aspell
修订版本 0.7	2004-02-16	修订者：ajl
更新为包含 LVM 2 和设备映射器信息；更新了电子邮件地址；更新了版权；添加了 FAQ 部分；添加了文档许可证；更新到 docbook 4.2
修订版本 0.6	2003-12-09	修订者：ajl
更新为 LVM 1.0.8；修复了损坏的链接；澄清了 redhat init 脚本部分；
修订版本 0.5	2003-02-10	修订者：ajl
更新了 7.0 及更高版本的 Redhat initscript 信息；如果 pvcreate 失败，添加了从磁盘中删除分区表的信息；默认 PE 大小现在为 32MB；更新了 XFS 下的快照方法。
修订版本 0.4	2002-12-16	修订者：ajl
更新为 LVM 1.0.6
修订版本 0.3	2002-09-16	修订者：ajl
从命令操作部分中删除了示例 pvmove - 我们现在只是指向关于 pvmove 的更详细的配方，其中包含各种警告等
修订版本 0.2	2002-09-11	修订者：ajl
更新为 LVM 1.0.5 并转换为 DocBook XML 4.1.2。
修订版本 0.1	2002-04-28	修订者：gf
从 Sistina 的 LaTeX 源代码进行初始转换并以 LinuxDoc 格式导入到 tLDP。

	LVM 上的根目录应仅供高级用户使用
	LVM 上的根目录需要一个激活根 LV 的 initrd 镜像。如果内核在没有构建必要的 initrd 镜像的情况下升级，则该内核将无法启动。较新的发行版在其 mkinitrd 脚本以及打包的 initrd 镜像中支持 lvm，因此这个问题随着时间的推移变得越来越少。

	LVM 1 警告
	使用条带化创建的 LV 无法在 LVM 1 中扩展超过最初创建它们的 PV。

	完整的快照会自动禁用
	如果快照逻辑卷已满，它将被丢弃（变得不可用），因此分配足够的空间至关重要。所需的空间量取决于快照的使用情况，因此没有固定的规则可以遵循。如果快照大小等于原始大小，则永远不会溢出。

	LVM 1 -> LVM 2 升级信息
	在从 LVM 1 升级到 LVM 2 之前，请务必移除快照 LV。（参见第 4.1 节）

	不建议
	不建议将整个磁盘用作 PV（而不是跨越整个磁盘的分区），因为它会产生管理问题。任何其他查看磁盘的操作系统都不会识别 LVM 元数据，并将磁盘显示为空闲，因此很可能会被覆盖。 LVM 本身可以很好地与整个磁盘 PV 一起使用。

	危险
	以下命令将销毁正在操作的磁盘上的分区表。非常确定它是正确的磁盘。

	LVM 2 注意事项
	目前没有适用于 LVM 2 的 e2fsadm 等效项，并且 LVM 1 附带的 e2fsadm 不适用于 LVM 2。

	注意
	在运行 e2fsadm 之前，你仍然需要卸载文件系统。

	警告！
	以下操作将销毁 /dev/sda、/dev/sdb 和 /dev/sdc 上的所有数据

	注意
	目前无法在 LVM 1 中向条带化逻辑卷添加磁盘。如果你希望能够这样做，请使用带有 lvm 2 格式元数据的 LVM 2。

	注意
	如果你使用 '-i2' 创建逻辑卷，那么你将仅使用卷组中的两个磁盘。如果你想从同一物理卷创建两个逻辑卷，这将很有用，但是我们不会在本示例中涉及。

	备份您的系统
	在尝试 pvmove 操作之前，应始终备份系统。

	pvmove 很慢
	请注意，pvmove 相当慢，因为它必须逐块地将磁盘的内容复制到一个或多个磁盘。如果您想要从 pvmove 获得更稳定的状态报告，请使用`-v`标志。

	备份您的系统
	强烈建议您在尝试在 LVM 1 上转换为 root 之前，对系统进行完整备份。

	升级复杂性
	在 LVM 1 上拥有根文件系统可能会大大增加升级过程的复杂性（取决于您的发行版），因此不应轻易尝试。特别是，您必须考虑如何在升级之前、期间和之后确保 LVM 1 内核模块（如果您没有将 LVM 1 编译到内核中）以及 vgscan/vgchange 工具可用。

	恢复复杂性
	在 LVM 1 上拥有根文件系统可能会大大增加损坏文件系统的恢复难度。如果您丢失了 initrd，则很难启动系统。您需要有一个包含内核、LVM 1 模块和 LVM 1 工具以及恢复损坏文件系统所需的任何工具的恢复磁盘。请务必定期备份，并拥有最新的替代启动方法，以允许恢复 LVM 1。

	仅在非功能性 VG 上运行
	不要在正常工作的 lvm 上执行此操作。您需要指定正确的物理卷到 pvcreate，否则可能会丢失数据。

	警告
	除非你真的确定你在做什么，否则不要这样做。您可能会丢失所有数据。

	LVM 不具备集群感知能力
	这样做时要非常小心，LVM 目前不具备集群感知能力，而且很容易丢失所有数据。

	VG 应该在管理节点上处于活动状态
	您不需要，也不应该在管理节点上卸载 VG，因此这可以是具有最高正常运行时间要求的节点。

LVM HOWTO

AJ Lewis

简介

1. 最新版本

2. 免责声明

3. 贡献者

第 1 章 什么是 LVM？

第 2 章 什么是逻辑卷管理？

2.1. 为什么我需要它？

2.2. 在小型系统上使用逻辑卷管理的好处

2.3. 在大型系统上使用逻辑卷管理的好处

第 3 章. LVM 的剖析

3.1. 卷组 (VG)

3.2. 物理卷 (PV)

3.3. 逻辑卷 (LV)

3.4. 物理扩展 (PE)

3.5. 逻辑扩展 (LE)

3.6. 将它们联系在一起

3.7. 映射模式（线性/条带化）

3.8. 快照

第四章 常见问题解答

4.1. LVM 2 常见问题解答

4.2. LVM 1 常见问题解答 (FAQ)

第5章. 获取LVM

5.1. 下载源代码

5.2. 通过CVS下载开发源代码

5.3. 开始之前

5.4. 初始设置

5.5. 检出源代码

5.6. 代码更新

5.7. 启动项目

5.8. 编写代码

5.9. 冲突

第6章. 构建内核模块

6.1. 构建 device-mapper 模块

6.2. 构建 LVM 1 内核模块

6.2.1. 为您的内核构建补丁

6.2.2. 为 Linux 2.2.17+ 构建 LVM 模块

6.2.3. 为 Linux 2.4 构建 LVM 模块

6.2.4. 检查 proc 文件系统

第 7 章. LVM 1 启动时脚本

7.1. Caldera

7.2. Debian

7.3. Mandrake

7.4. Redhat

7.5. Slackware

7.6. SuSE

第 8 章. LVM 2 启动时脚本

第 9 章. 从源代码构建 LVM

9.1. 生成 LVM 库和工具

9.2. 安装 LVM 库和工具

9.3. 删除 LVM 库和工具

第 10 章. 从以前版本的 LVM 转换为 LVM 1.0.8

10.1. 使用非 LVM 根分区升级到 LVM 1.0.8

10.2. 使用 LVM 根分区和 initrd 升级到 LVM 1.0.8

第 11 章. 常见任务

11.1. 初始化磁盘或磁盘分区

11.2. 创建卷组

11.3. 激活卷组

11.4. 删除卷组

11.5. 将物理卷添加到卷组

11.6. 从卷组中删除物理卷

11.7. 创建逻辑卷

11.8. 移除逻辑卷

11.9. 扩展逻辑卷

11.10. 缩小逻辑卷

11.11. 将数据从物理卷迁移出去

第 12 章 磁盘分区

12.1. 同一磁盘上的多个分区

12.2. Sun 磁盘标签

第 13 章 示例

13.1. 在三个 SCSI 磁盘上设置 LVM

13.1.1. 准备磁盘

13.1.2. 设置卷组

13.1.3. 创建逻辑卷

13.1.4. 创建文件系统

13.1.5. 测试文件系统

13.2. 在三个带有条带化的 SCSI 磁盘上设置 LVM

13.2.1. 准备磁盘分区

13.2.2. 设置卷组

第 1 章什么是 LVM？

第 2 章什么是逻辑卷管理？

第四章常见问题解答

第 12 章磁盘分区

第 13 章示例