nslookup hostname它将查询 resolv.conf 中指定的域名服务器以获取主机名。(如果此文件命名了多个服务器,nslookup 将随机选择一个)。
然而,交互模式更加令人兴奋。除了查找单个主机外,您还可以查询任何类型的 DNS 记录,并传输域的整个区域信息。
当不带参数调用时,nslookup 将显示它使用的域名服务器,并进入交互模式。在 `>' 提示符下,您可以输入它应该查询的任何域名。默认情况下,它会请求 A 类记录,即包含与域名相关的 IP 地址的记录。
您可以通过发出 ``set type=type'' 来更改此类型,其中 type 是上面 section-
中描述的资源记录名称之一,或 ANY。
例如,您可能会有以下与之对话
$ nslookup
Default Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
> sunsite.unc.edu
Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: sunsite.unc.edu
Address: 152.2.22.81
如果您尝试查询一个没有关联 IP 地址的名称,但在 DNS 数据库中找到了其他记录,nslookup 将返回一条错误消息,提示 ``No type A records found''。但是,您可以通过发出 ``set type'' 命令使其查询 A 类型以外的记录。例如,要获取 unc.edu 的 SOA 记录,您将发出 > unc.edu
*** No address (A) records available for unc.edu
Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
> set type=SOA
> unc.edu
Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
Non-authoritative answer:
unc.edu
origin = ns.unc.edu
mail addr = shava.ns.unc.edu
serial = 930408
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 3600 (1 hour)
expire = 1209600 (14 days)
minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
Authoritative answers can be found from:
UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU
SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU internet address = 128.109.157.30
以类似的方式,您可以查询 MX 记录等。使用 ANY 类型会返回与给定名称关联的所有资源记录。 > set type=MX
> unc.edu
Non-authoritative answer:
unc.edu preference = 10, mail exchanger = lambada.oit.unc.edu
lambada.oit.unc.edu internet address = 152.2.22.80
Authoritative answers can be found from:
UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU
SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU internet address = 128.109.157.30
除了调试之外,nslookup 的一个实际应用是获取 named.ca 文件的当前根域名服务器列表。您可以通过查询与根域关联的所有 NS 类型记录来做到这一点 > set typ=NS
> .
Name Server: fb0430.mathematik.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.2.30
Non-authoritative answer:
(root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET
(root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
(root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET
(root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU
(root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV
(root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET
(root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
Authoritative answers can be found from:
(root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET
(root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
(root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET
(root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU
(root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV
(root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET
(root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
NS.INTERNIC.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4
AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 128.63.4.82
AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 192.5.25.82
AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 26.3.0.29
C.NYSER.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12
TERP.UMD.EDU internet address = 128.8.10.90
NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 128.102.16.10
NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 192.52.195.10
NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 45.13.10.121
NIC.NORDU.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17
NS.NIC.DDN.MIL internet address = 192.112.36.4
可以通过 nslookup 内部的 help 命令获得 nslookup 的完整命令集。