nslookup hostname它将查询 resolv.conf 中指定的域名服务器以获取主机名。(如果此文件命名了多个服务器,nslookup 将随机选择一个)。
然而,交互模式更加令人兴奋。除了查找单个主机外,您还可以查询任何类型的 DNS 记录,并传输域的整个区域信息。
当不带参数调用时,nslookup 将显示它使用的域名服务器,并进入交互模式。在 `>' 提示符下,您可以输入它应该查询的任何域名。默认情况下,它会请求 A 类记录,即包含与域名相关的 IP 地址的记录。
您可以通过发出 ``set type=type'' 来更改此类型,其中 type 是上面 section- 中描述的资源记录名称之一,或 ANY。
例如,您可能会有以下与之对话
$ nslookup Default Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de Address: 130.83.56.60 > sunsite.unc.edu Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de Address: 130.83.56.60 Non-authoritative answer: Name: sunsite.unc.edu Address: 152.2.22.81如果您尝试查询一个没有关联 IP 地址的名称,但在 DNS 数据库中找到了其他记录,nslookup 将返回一条错误消息,提示 ``No type A records found''。但是,您可以通过发出 ``set type'' 命令使其查询 A 类型以外的记录。例如,要获取 unc.edu 的 SOA 记录,您将发出
> unc.edu *** No address (A) records available for unc.edu Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de Address: 130.83.56.60 > set type=SOA > unc.edu Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de Address: 130.83.56.60 Non-authoritative answer: unc.edu origin = ns.unc.edu mail addr = shava.ns.unc.edu serial = 930408 refresh = 28800 (8 hours) retry = 3600 (1 hour) expire = 1209600 (14 days) minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day) Authoritative answers can be found from: UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU internet address = 128.109.157.30以类似的方式,您可以查询 MX 记录等。使用 ANY 类型会返回与给定名称关联的所有资源记录。
> set type=MX > unc.edu Non-authoritative answer: unc.edu preference = 10, mail exchanger = lambada.oit.unc.edu lambada.oit.unc.edu internet address = 152.2.22.80 Authoritative answers can be found from: UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU internet address = 128.109.157.30除了调试之外,nslookup 的一个实际应用是获取 named.ca 文件的当前根域名服务器列表。您可以通过查询与根域关联的所有 NS 类型记录来做到这一点
> set typ=NS > . Name Server: fb0430.mathematik.th-darmstadt.de Address: 130.83.2.30 Non-authoritative answer: (root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET (root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL (root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET (root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU (root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV (root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET (root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL Authoritative answers can be found from: (root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET (root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL (root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET (root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU (root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV (root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET (root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL NS.INTERNIC.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4 AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 128.63.4.82 AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 192.5.25.82 AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 26.3.0.29 C.NYSER.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12 TERP.UMD.EDU internet address = 128.8.10.90 NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 128.102.16.10 NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 192.52.195.10 NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 45.13.10.121 NIC.NORDU.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17 NS.NIC.DDN.MIL internet address = 192.112.36.4可以通过 nslookup 内部的 help 命令获得 nslookup 的完整命令集。