正如我们所见,编写 /proc 文件可能相当“复杂”。因此,为了帮助人们编写 /proc 文件,有一个名为 seq_file 的 API 可以帮助格式化 /proc 文件以进行输出。它基于序列,序列由 3 个函数组成:start()、next() 和 stop()。当用户读取 /proc 文件时,seq_file API 启动一个序列。
序列以调用 start() 函数开始。如果返回值是非 NULL 值,则调用 next() 函数。此函数是一个迭代器,目标是遍历所有数据。每次调用 next() 时,也会调用 show() 函数。它将数据值写入用户读取的缓冲区中。next() 函数被调用直到它返回 NULL。当 next() 返回 NULL 时,序列结束,然后调用 stop() 函数。
请注意:当一个序列结束后,另一个序列会开始。这意味着在 stop() 函数结束时,start() 函数会再次被调用。当 start() 函数返回 NULL 时,此循环结束。您可以在“seq_file 工作原理”图中看到这一点。
Seq_file 为 file_operations 提供了基本函数,如 seq_read、seq_lseek 和其他一些函数。但没有用于写入 /proc 文件的函数。当然,您仍然可以使用与前面示例中相同的方法。
示例 5-4. procfs4.c
/** * procfs4.c - create a "file" in /proc * This program uses the seq_file library to manage the /proc file. * */ #include <linux/kernel.h> /* We're doing kernel work */ #include <linux/module.h> /* Specifically, a module */ #include <linux/proc_fs.h> /* Necessary because we use proc fs */ #include <linux/seq_file.h> /* for seq_file */ #define PROC_NAME "iter" MODULE_AUTHOR("Philippe Reynes"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); /** * This function is called at the beginning of a sequence. * ie, when: * - the /proc file is read (first time) * - after the function stop (end of sequence) * */ static void *my_seq_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos) { static unsigned long counter = 0; /* beginning a new sequence ? */ if ( *pos == 0 ) { /* yes => return a non null value to begin the sequence */ return &counter; } else { /* no => it's the end of the sequence, return end to stop reading */ *pos = 0; return NULL; } } /** * This function is called after the beginning of a sequence. * It's called untill the return is NULL (this ends the sequence). * */ static void *my_seq_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos) { unsigned long *tmp_v = (unsigned long *)v; (*tmp_v)++; (*pos)++; return NULL; } /** * This function is called at the end of a sequence * */ static void my_seq_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v) { /* nothing to do, we use a static value in start() */ } /** * This function is called for each "step" of a sequence * */ static int my_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v) { loff_t *spos = (loff_t *) v; seq_printf(s, "%Ld\n", *spos); return 0; } /** * This structure gather "function" to manage the sequence * */ static struct seq_operations my_seq_ops = { .start = my_seq_start, .next = my_seq_next, .stop = my_seq_stop, .show = my_seq_show }; /** * This function is called when the /proc file is open. * */ static int my_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { return seq_open(file, &my_seq_ops); }; /** * This structure gather "function" that manage the /proc file * */ static struct file_operations my_file_ops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = my_open, .read = seq_read, .llseek = seq_lseek, .release = seq_release }; /** * This function is called when the module is loaded * */ int init_module(void) { struct proc_dir_entry *entry; entry = create_proc_entry(PROC_NAME, 0, NULL); if (entry) { entry->proc_fops = &my_file_ops; } return 0; } /** * This function is called when the module is unloaded. * */ void cleanup_module(void) { remove_proc_entry(PROC_NAME, NULL); } |
如果您想了解更多信息,您可以阅读此网页
您也可以阅读 linux 内核中 fs/seq_file.c 的代码。